U-LEACH: A Routing Protocol for Prolonging Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are densely deployed in a phenomenon or very close to it. The lifetime of sensor nodes shows a strong dependence on battery lifetime. Clustering provides an effective way for prolonging the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Therefore, Clustering techniques are used to distribute the energy consumption among nodes in each cluster and extend the network lifetime. LEACH (LowEnergy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of Cluster-Heads (CHs) to evenly distribute the energy among the sensors in the network. But LEACH cannot select CHs uniformly throughout the network. Therefore there is the possibility that the elected CHs will be concentrated in certain area of the network. Hence, some nodes will not have any CHs in their vicinity. The proposed approach U-LEACH is an approach to address this problem. It describes a uniform distribution technique that is Uniform Distribution Technique (UDT) for selecting CHs and their corresponding clusters. The goal of this paper is to build such a wireless sensor network in which each sensor node remains inside the transmission range of CHs and therefore, the lifetime of the network is prolonged. KeywordsBase Station (BS), Cluster Head (CH) , Energy Efficient Unequal Clustering (EEUC) Mechanism, Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Uniform Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (U-LEACH), Uniform Distribution Technique (UDT), Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).